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// On :Minggu, 10 November 2013
We use adjective clauses also called relative clauses
to identify or give additional information about nouns (people, places, or
things).
Adjective Clauses
who
whom
which
that
whose
when
where
who
whom
which
that
whose
when
where
Who and Whom are
used only for people.
Who is the subject of the clause.
After who you should see a verb
Whom is the object of the clause. After whom you should see a subject (noun or pronoun)
Who is the subject of the clause.
After who you should see a verb
Whom is the object of the clause. After whom you should see a subject (noun or pronoun)
Sentences with
adjective clauses can be seen as combination of two sentences.
I have a friend. + She loves to shop
I have a friend who loves to shop.
I have a friend. + She loves to shop
I have a friend who loves to shop.
1. Who
- The man is playing baseball.
- The man is holding a bat.
-The man who is holding the bat is playing baseball
2. Whom
- I see the doctor in the room.
- The doctor is my father.
- The doctor whom you see in the room is my
father.
3. Which
Which is used only for things
which can be both subject and object of the clause.
which can be both subject and object of the clause.
- The telephone is in your room.
- The telephone is ringing.
- The telephone which is in your room is ringing.
4. That
That is used for both people and things. (less formal
than whom and which)
That can be both subject and object of the clause.
- I see the flowers.
- The flowers are in the pond
- The flowers that you see are in the pond.
- I see the flowers that are in the pond.
5. Whose
Whose is the possessive and is used for both people and things and must be followed by a noun.
Whose + noun can be subject or object
I heard the scientist whose work is attracting interest.
I met the scientist whose work I admire.
-The girl is crying.
- Her cat is sick.
- The girl whose cat is sick is crying.
Examples :
a. Ben is my friend who lives in Boston.
John and Alex are my friends who live in Boston.
b.The people are very interesting.
Maria works for them.
(=)The people whom Maria works for are very interesting.
c. The TV newscaster is on channel 7.
I trust her opinions most.
(=)The TV newscaster whose opinions I trust most is on channel
7.
Who
whom
which
that
(0)
can be the object of the preposition in its clause. If the preposition is at the beginning of the clause, whom or which must be used.
whom
which
that
(0)
can be the object of the preposition in its clause. If the preposition is at the beginning of the clause, whom or which must be used.
In formal English we put the preposition at the
beginning of the clause. Also, we use
only whom not who or that to refer to people, and which not that
to refer to thing.
When modifies the noun time
( century, year, day, night,)
Your friend wants to know when you were born.
( century, year, day, night,)
Your friend wants to know when you were born.
#Adjective Clauses come in two types:
1. Restrictive
Restrictive adjective clauses
identify the noun or pronoun modified.
They give information needed in order to know who or what the pronoun
refers to.
Examples :
a. My sister who lives in California is a doctor.
b. The car that has broken headlights belongs to my
brother.
2. Nonrestrictive
Nonrestrictive adjective clauses give extra information about the noun or the pronoun but is not needed to identify it.
Examples :
a. My sister, who lives in California, is a doctor.
b. The Eiffel Tower has an elevator, which I rode
to the top.
